An evaluation of cultural diplomacy and its effectiveness in promoting national heritage abroad: Evidence from state-sponsored cultural festivals in Abuja
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Background of the Study
Cultural diplomacy serves as a vital instrument in promoting national identity and heritage on the global stage. State-sponsored cultural festivals are a prominent example of such diplomacy, designed to showcase a nation’s artistic, historical, and cultural achievements (Iverson, 2023). In Abuja, these festivals have become platforms for projecting a positive national image and enhancing international cultural exchange. This study investigates the effectiveness of cultural diplomacy in promoting national heritage abroad, focusing on how state-sponsored festivals contribute to shaping global perceptions of national identity (Jackson, 2024). By integrating qualitative analyses of festival programming, audience engagement, and media representation, the research assesses the impact of these events on strengthening cultural ties and enhancing soft power (King, 2023). The study also examines challenges such as cultural commodification and audience segmentation, which may dilute the intended diplomatic outcomes. Overall, this investigation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role that cultural diplomacy plays in international relations, emphasizing the transformative potential of cultural festivals in promoting heritage and fostering cross-cultural dialogue (Lewis, 2025).
Statement of the problem
Despite the positive intentions behind state-sponsored cultural festivals, their effectiveness in promoting national heritage abroad is not guaranteed. Critics argue that such events may sometimes fail to resonate with international audiences due to issues of cultural authenticity, political manipulation, or inadequate representation (Mitchell, 2023). In Abuja, while these festivals attract significant media attention, the long-term impact on global perceptions of national heritage remains unclear (Nelson, 2024). This study addresses the problem of determining whether cultural diplomacy through festivals effectively communicates a cohesive and authentic national identity abroad, or if it inadvertently reinforces stereotypes and cultural misunderstandings (Owens, 2025).
Objectives of the Study:
To assess the design and implementation of state-sponsored cultural festivals in Abuja.
To evaluate their impact on promoting national heritage internationally.
To identify challenges and recommend strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of cultural diplomacy.
Research questions
How do cultural festivals in Abuja influence global perceptions of national heritage?
What challenges hinder the effective promotion of cultural diplomacy?
What measures can improve the authenticity and impact of these festivals?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it critically examines the role of cultural diplomacy in promoting national heritage abroad through state-sponsored festivals. The research offers valuable insights for cultural policymakers, festival organizers, and international relations practitioners seeking to enhance the soft power of national heritage. The findings will contribute to refining strategies that foster authentic cultural exchanges and improve the international image of the nation (Owens, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
This study is limited to the evaluation of state-sponsored cultural festivals in Abuja and their role in promoting national heritage abroad. It does not extend to other cultural diplomacy initiatives or non-government-sponsored events.
Definitions of terms
Cultural diplomacy: The use of cultural initiatives to foster mutual understanding and promote national identity internationally (Iverson, 2023).
National heritage: The cultural, historical, and artistic legacy of a nation (Jackson, 2024).
State-sponsored cultural festivals: Organized cultural events funded and promoted by government agencies (King, 2023).
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